Ender 3 Upgrade: Dual Extrusion with SKR 1.3

Endurance ready to print

      Time for the reveal of a long-term project that's been around in various forms for a couple years, Duel-extrusion. Back in Febuary I'd started to experiment with converting my Ender 3 to dual-colour extrusion using a spare Lite6 hot-end and V6 clone that I found on Amazon.

Thing:3516409 mount

     Mounting the hot-ends for initial testing of the idea was fairly simple, there's lots of good mounts for V6 series hot-ends on Thingiverse, I specifically went with thing:3516409 to start with since it allows for reconfiguring from single to dual extrusion with only a couple printed parts as mounts. The next issue to tackle was electronics.

Ramps stack on Ender 3

     Now, the Ender 3 default electronics are fairly good for a basic single extrusion printer, but don't allow for duel nozzles, so I swapped the silent 1.1.4 board from my last upgrade out for a spare Ramps/Mega2560 stack that I normally use on my MPCNC. The Mega2560 isn't rated for 24V power but there is a fairly old work-around that solves this problem on the RepRap wiki, I then wired a spare LM2596 buck converter to provide the needed 12V power for the processor board's onboard regulator and the hardware side was ready for inital testing.

BigTreeTech SKR 1.3 with stepper drivers partially installed

    Unfortunately, this was right at the start of April 2020, so testing things out got put on hold until June since all of my printers were fabricating PPE gear as part of BCC3D.ca's efforts. This showed that Ramps at 24V is ok for short-term use, but I had one of my extruder stepper drivers blow out, so a better solution was needed for long-term usage. Some research on newer 32-bit boards showed that the BigTreeTech SKR 1.3 board fit the needs of this upgrade perfectly.

Custom dual hot-end mounts

    The other short-coming that was revealed was the dificulty in aligning the duel hot-ends correctly since this type of dual-extrusion setup needs the nozzles in the exact same horizontal plane or close enough to make no difference with the intended layer-height. The Thingiverse mount had both hot-ends locked at the same height at the top but not at the bottom, so I pulled a copy of the Ender 3 source-file into Fusion 360 and started drawing up a custom mount pair to fix the issue. 

Design in progress

     My solution to the problem has the right-hand hot-end at a fixed height bolted to the stock hot-end mount posts since that's the zero reference point for the entire printer coordinate system. The left hot-end is tucked into a dead-space on the side of the tool-plate that's normally used for mounting optional auto-levelling probes but is the exact right size to fit a V6 heat-sink while allowing both nozzles to reach the full width of the bed. With all that sorted out it was finally time to calibrate and try this out.

First Duel-extrusion print straight off the bed

     Now, obviously there's a fair bit of slicer tinkering needed to get a custom duel-extrusion system setup, so I loaded a couple lengths of scrap filament into the extruders and printed several test objects (thing:2388496, dual block object) to get the horizontal offsets correct in the firmware, then created a custom version of the Ender 3 profile in Prusa Slicer v22 with some custom startup gcode to get things heated correctly. Other than that I just turned the 'ooze shield' settings on, drew up a simple vase as a test part and turned it loose.

First dual-colour print after inital cleanup

     Clearly things aren't perfect, still some tuning with the retraction settings given the blobs all over the surface, but I'm quite pleased with how it turned out for a first print after all the work that's gone into this upgrade. The SKR board has proven quite robust and reliable, been running it non-stop for about 4-months now without issue so they're now my first choice for new printer controllers going forward.

Part Review: TMC2208 Stepper Drivers

MKS TMC2208 Stepper Driver

      During a recent maintenance session on the Mega Kossel, I installed some TMC2208 stepper drivers into the X/Y/Z sockets to replace the original drivers. Below is a short guide on how to install them on a printer board, along with my impressions after a month of use on a primary production printer.

Ramps 1.4 with TMC2208 drivers on main motion axis

    As you can see from the above picture, these drivers are meant as drop-in replacements for the popular A4988-series that the majority of 3D printers use by default, so upgrading to them works mostly the same way on any control board with plug-in drivers. The key to getting them socketed properly is to line up the pin marked 'EN' or 'Enable' with the same corner of the board socket, it's usually marked on the board, but for the Ramps-series it's the corner pin closest to the power input, centre top in the picture above. The other main change needed is to pull the third jumper in the step selector, make sure to do this before installing the driver since that pin is different between the A4988 and TMC2208 pin-outs.



    The most noticeable difference upon starting a print is just how quiet the printer is, there's barely any sound other than the actual belts moving and the cooling fans, quiet a difference from the A4988 drivers. They also have some nice effects on print quality, prints made before the upgrade had a slight ripple effect that was from minor vibrations shaking the nozzle slightly, those have been vastly reduced with the TMC2208 drivers installed.

3DBenchy post installation,

     This is the #3DBency being printed in the video clip, as you can see the ripple pattern is still present but vastly reduced, so I'm quite happy with the end result of the upgrade, minor stringing aside, I'll probably update my other printers with them eventually as well. In conclusion, are TMC/Trinamic drivers worth it? Yes if you want to make the printer drastically quieter without redoing the motor mounts or are looking to maximize print quality. 

3D Printer Kit review: Creality Ender 3

Mystery Box

     New year, new printer in the workshop. Over the 2018 holiday season, I purchased a Creality Ender 3, so this is my mini-review of what's in the box and my experience using it to date. On first getting the box, it comes with just the shipping label stuck to the outside of the printer's box, so it's clearly marked as to the contents, it weighs about 6 kg at a rough guess, so be ready for a large and heavy package.

Interior of shipping box with top foam removed

    Opening the box reveals that much of the interior is packed with this grey plastic 'foam', quiet dense and sturdy. Unpacking revealed that all parts were securely nested in fitted holes, wrapped in cling film for the extrusions, and in multiple bags for the smaller parts.

Gantry parts fresh out of the box

Ender 3 base and Power supply freshly unpacked

     The printer is about half built straight out of the box, all the electrical systems are pre-installed and it's mostly just a matter of following the instruction sheet that's at the top of the box to get it fully assembled. I would recommend plugging the included microSD card into a computer, there's an animated video clip on it that goes through the entire build process step by step, it helps clarify a couple of points in the printed instructions. I did make a couple minor changes to the printer during assembly, mostly optimizations that the user community has come up with over the past year or so. 

Part cooling fan ducts, stock on the left, thing:3079610 on the right

     Probably the single most crucial change I made was to replace the stock part-fan ducting with thing:3079610, a 360 printed duct that puts the air where it's needed and not into the side of the heater block like the original will. I've been down the road of part-fans blasting the heater block on the Sculptor i3MK3 variant ducting, once is quite enough for that issue. This silly piece of plastic is probably why early versions of the Ender 3 shipped with the firmware thermal watchdog disabled, a problem that's apparently been solved on the one I received since a cold snap a couple of days after assembly set off the 'Min-Temp' error code.

thing:3303879 installed backwards

thing:2934313 installed

     Other than the part duct, the other changes were mostly minor optimizations, a cover for the milled slot in the base that the electrical bundle runs through (thing:2934313), and one of the many side-mount adapters for the stock spool holder (thing:3303879). But aside from those, I assembled the printer as designed and set about testing it.

Assembled Ender 3 almost ready to print

     After a bit of research turned up that Cura was the best slicer option for the Ender 3, I loaded up Cura 3.6 and discovered that it has a perfectly tuned profile for the Ender 3 baked right into the default preset package. Overall print quality is quite good, I've still got some slight nozzle drool issue, but I'm fairly sure that's just the PLA that I'm using. One issue that I found with the default 'Fiberboard' bed surface plate is that it warps under the stress of large surface prints, this lead to a couple of layer shift incidents during a long print, so I sourced the magnetic bed that's included on the 'Pro' version to try instead.

Early test print with default 'fiberboard' showing bending issue.

Ender 3 Magnetic Bed Sheet freshly installed.

     Once switched over to the magnetic version of the build plate, it's been fantastic performance all the way. I'd definitely recommend this printer to anyone who is just getting started with 3D printing, the quality and performance can't be beat at this price point.

Ender 3